Akcje Apple: Jak kupić? 2024: Czy Warto? Wykres z Ceną Notowania

jak kupić akcje apple

Kiedy Apple wypuściło pierwszy smartfon, Nokia nie postrzegała tego jako zagrożenia. Jednak kilka lat później Apple stał się liderem na rynku telefonicznym, a cena akcji Nokii nigdy się nie poprawiła. Sprawdź również aktualne wiadomości i raporty finansowe dotyczące Apple, aby być na bieżąco z wydarzeniami mającymi wpływ na wartość akcji spółki. Zasięg i potencjał usług i produktów Apple jest po prostu niewiarygodny. Ze względu na dużą dywersyfikację w branży informatyki oraz ogólną popularność firmy, jest całkiem prawdopodobne, że akcje Apple mogą się okazać bardzo ciekawą inwestycją w długim horyzoncie czasowym. Jeśli potrafisz zapanować nad swoimi emocjami, nie przeszkadza Ci wyższa zmienność i masz trochę wolnego kapitału, Apple wydaje się dobrym wyborem.

jak kupić akcje apple

Broker do inwestowania w akcje cykliczne

  1. Bądź na bieżąco z najnowszymi wiadomościami rynkowymi i śledź na żywo cenę akcji Apple na Capital.com.
  2. Ta niestandardowa platforma została zaprojektowana z myślą o tym i jest idealna do płynnej i intuicyjnej nawigacji.
  3. Porównanie najpopularniejszych platform pozwala na dokonanie świadomego wyboru.
  4. 70,48% inwestorów prywatnych traci pieniądze podczas handlu kontraktami CFD u tego dostawcy……
  5. Firma Apple zdecydowała się wejść na giełdę 12 grudnia 1980 roku, sprzedając 4,6 miliona akcji po cenie 22 USD za akcję, czyli 0,39 USD za akcję po korekcie uwzględniającej podział.

Dywidenda stanowi udział w zysku, jaki spółka wypłaca akcjonariuszom. Każdy, kto posiada akcje spółki wypłacającej dywidendy, jest uprawniony do wypłaty tej dywidendy. O terminie i wysokości wypłaty dywidendy decyduje walne zgromadzenie spółki. W ostatnich 9 latach, światowe rynki przeżywają bardzo dobry okres. Na przykład dziewięć lat temu znany indeks amerykański S&P 500 można było kupić za około 1000 USD,  a jego obecna wartość to około 2700 USD.

jak kupić akcje apple

Jak kupić akcje Apple a jak kontrakty CFD?

Przed podjęciem jakichkolwiek decyzji inwestycyjnych, zawsze należy skonsultować się z odpowiednim doradcą finansowym oraz dokładnie zrozumieć ryzyka związane z danymi instrumentami finansowymi. Apple zostało założone przez Steve’a Jobsa, Ronalna Wayne’a i Steve’a Wozniaka w 1976 roku. Pierwszy duży sukces finansowy firma osiągnęła już w 1980 roku. Początkowo produkowała jedynie komputery osobiste, natomiast później na rynek wprowadziła również komputery typu all-in-one oraz notebooki. Obecnie pod marką Apple sprzedawane są również smartfony, tablety, zegarki czy też słuchawki, czyli tak zwana elektronika użytkowa. Chcesz zacząć inwestować w akcje Apple, ale nie masz pojęcia, od czego zacząć?

Jak kupić akcje Apple: Inwestowanie w AAPL bez prowizji

Należy pamiętać, że firmy technologiczne, takie jak Apple, mają zwykle wyższe wskaźniki P / E ze względu na oczekiwania dotyczące wzrostu w przyszłości. Pamiętaj, że nie jesteśmy ekspertami finansowymi, a sytuacja będzie się cały czas zmieniać. Z dnia na dzień mogą istnieć różne powody, dla których Apple byłby lub nie byłby dobrym zakupem.

Dużą zaletą LYNX jest profesjonalny, przyjazny zespół specjalistów inwestycyjnych, którzy pomagają klientom w wielu aspektach inwestowania. Ponadto dostępne są również regularne webinary internetowe, analizy i cotygodniowe biuletyny, które pomagają być na bieżąco z wydarzeniami na rynkach światowych. W LYNX kładziemy nacisk na stworzenie kompleksowej oferty, która pozwoli początkującym inwestorom i zaawansowanym traderom osiągnąć ich cele inwestycyjne. Niosą ze sobą wysokie ryzyko szybkiej utraty pieniędzy z powodu dźwigni finansowej.

CFD na akcje Apple – Gdzie kupić?

Broker zapewnia dostęp do autorskiej platformy inwestycyjnej – xStation 5. Ta oferuje intuicyjną obsługę zarówno na komputerach, jak i w aplikacji mobilnej. Ponadto możesz liczyć na konto demo, materiały edukacyjne, a także możliwość handlu z dźwignią. Oceniamy, że XTB jest dobrym wyborem zarówno dla początkujących, jak i doświadczonych traderów.

Analiza fundamentalna może, ale nie musi być nich tak ważna, oczywiście jednak zawsze dobrze jest znać jak najwięcej informacji na temat danego instrumentu. Inwestorzy krótkoterminowi są również bardziej skłonni do krótkich transakcji, co oznacza, że spekulują na spadki. Po wykonaniu przelewu bankowego na swój rachunek, możesz dokonywać inwestycji. Konfiguracja rachunku brokerskiego jest równie łatwa jak konfiguracja zwykłego konta bankowego.

Jest również prawdopodobne, że Twoje akcje będą przechowywane na koncie nominowanym – w zasadzie makler przechowuje je w Twoim imieniu. Oznacza to, że Twoje imię i nazwisko może nie figurować w rejestrze firmy – w rezultacie możesz nie otrzymać sprawozdania finansowego firmy i prawdopodobnie nie będziesz mógł głosować. Przy wskaźniku P / E wynoszącym obecnie ponad 38 (stan na 2 września) może to być dobry powód do ostrożności przy kupowaniu Apple, ponieważ nie zapewnia to dużego marginesu bezpieczeństwa. Margines bezpieczeństwa będący zasadą inwestowania, która zaleca, aby papiery wartościowe były kupowane tylko wtedy, gdy ich cena rynkowa jest niższa niż ich wartość wewnętrzna. W tym artykule przeprowadzimy Cię przez zalety i wady inwestowania w Apple, wyjaśnimy, jak kupować akcje Apple, oszacujemy, co wpływa na wartość AAPL i dowiemy się, kto jest właścicielem akcji Apple.

Wybór odpowiedniej platformy zależy od indywidualnych preferencji inwestora oraz jego strategii inwestycyjnej. Jeśli myślisz o zakupie akcji Apple, wypełnij ten formularz teraz, abyś mógł kupować https://www.forexformula.net/ akcje w wybranym przez siebie dniu, a nie kilka dni później, ponieważ nie byłeś przygotowany. Jeśli chcesz szybko zarobić przy krótkoterminowej inwestycji, zwykle nie zalecamy Apple.

W rzeczywistości takie reklamy i twierdzenia to nic innego jak oszustwo prowadzone przez różnego rodzaju oszustów finansowych. Apple to firma technologiczna i konsumencka, która produkuje jedne z najpopularniejszych na świecie urządzeń elektronicznych, takich jak iPhone, Mac i iPad. W dniu 9 stycznia 2007 roku ogłoszono, że firma Apple Computer Inc. będzie później znana pod nazwą Apple Inc., przy czym firma przeniosła nacisk z komputerów na elektronikę użytkową. W tym samym roku firma wprowadziła na rynek swój pierwszy iPhone i Apple TV.

Aby pomóc Ci dokładnie zrozumieć, jak działają kontrakty CFD i jak wpływa na nie dźwignia finansowa, przygotowaliśmy dla Ciebie dwa przykłady. Tak na marginesie, to właśnie Keynotes są częstym powodem spadku kursu Apple – oczekiwania są wyższe, a w rezultacie cena spada. Jednak kilka tygodni później wiadomo, że nowe produkty dobrze się sprzedają i kurs znów rośnie. Notowania Apple są ściśle https://www.forexrobotron.info/ związane z emocjami, które powodują wyraźne zmiany kursu, dlatego konieczne jest zachować cierpliwość. Historia firmy oraz jej marsz do czołówki światowych gigantów technologicznych nie obyły się jednak bez wielu wzlotów i upadków, wielu błędów i szczęśliwych przypadków. Tak, jest kilku brokerów, którzy nie pobierają prowizji od akcji, z których najbezpieczniejszymi są eToro i Naga.

Kolejną zaletą Apple jest bardzo realistyczna polityka dywidendowa. Spółka wypłaca dywidendę co kwartał, a wypłaty dywidendy rosły na przestrzeni lat. Bezpłatne zarządzanie portfelem, niskie ceny, doskonała platforma handlowa i najwyższej jakości usługi. Najlepsza witryna na świecie, jeśli chodzi o wszystkie kwestie związane z inwestowaniem. Pamiętaj, że inwestowanie to długoterminowy proces, dlatego ważne jest konsekwentne podejmowanie decyzji inwestycyjnych oraz kontrola nad swoimi inwestycjami.

Zawsze dobrze jest pomyśleć o potencjalnych zagrożeniach, które mogą się pojawić. Skorzystaj z tego podsumowania zalet i wad Apple, zanim podejmiesz ostateczną decyzję, czy kupić akcje Apple. Właściwa odpowiedź jest inna dla każdej osoby, więc oto kilka informacji, które pomogą Ci zdecydować, czy kupić akcje Apple. https://www.forexgenerator.net/ Możesz kupić akcje Apple w zaledwie minut i teraz jesteś akcjonariuszem Apple. Najlepszą platformą do handlu akcjami do kupowania Apple akcje jest eToro . Witryna GieldoMania.pl oferuje treści związane z rynkiem finansowym, w tym Forex, CFD, ETF, akcjami oraz kryptowalutami, mające na celu edukację i informację.

(Tym razem z powodu decyzji Trumpa o podwyższeniu chińskich taryf). (Spowodowany koronawirusem i opóźnieniami produkcyjnymi w Chinach). Uważa się również, że firma prowadzi szereg ściśle tajnych projektów, które dotyczą samochodów i rzeczywistości rozszerzonej. Chociaż Apple może już nigdy nie wywrzeć takiego wpływu, jaki wywarł na premierze iPhone’a, możesz być pewien, że inwestuje w kolejną wielką rzecz.

The 10 Best Bookkeepers in Kansas City, MO with Free Estimates

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We scored Kansas City Bookkeeping Services on more than 25 variables across five categories, and analyzed the results to give you a hand-picked list of the best. If you want to simplify money management and keep your books up-to-date, L2 Bookkeeping Solutions is a simple and affordable way to manage your money, and much more. Whether you’re interested in working with us, need an expert opinion – or just want to find out more about what we do, we’d love to hear from you. Solutions are designed to ensure seamless operations. Our Business & Finance Consulting professionals have an underlying knowledge of enabling technologies and Business Finance. We will cover any of the main issues and / or problems that may be inhibiting your business’s ability to succeed and reach the goals that we set.

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We’ll do the work for you – finding and connecting you with service providers that meet your exact requirements. We work with the help of market best software and sync up with your accounts to save time, improve accuracy, and keep your books up to date at all times. We Use Quickbooks, Sage, Zohobook, Quicken, bookkeeper kansas city Xero and Other. Simply payroll, automate computation, adhere to compliance laws, and cut down costs. As your life or business changes, we can make adjustments to your strategic plan, giving you confidence about your business’ future. We will create a unique strategic plan for your business and its goals.

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We work with you to discover what is valuable to you and your company relating to money and future achievement. You can also ask an accountant to provide proof of their license and credentials. QuickBooks and other bookkeeping software give you a tool to do your own bookkeeping. Our platform allows you to automate data inputs from most major providers to avoid common mistakes. We partner with merchants like Gusto, Stripe, Shopify, and Square—so your finances are always accurate.

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We provide all of the traditional bookkeeping services as well as consulting services for small and mid-size businesses. Aenten is the leading online Accounting & Bookkeeping for small businesses in every industry. Our services enable businesses to minimize tasks while maximizing tax savings, which lets owners focus their time and energy on growth while we handle the rest. Our experienced bookkeepers and tax practitioners are well-versed in the accounting and tax requirements that are specific to small businesses and startups like yours. You’ll be assigned a dedicated financial team, so you’ll only work with someone who is familiar with you, your business, and your financials. We have you covered at a fraction of the cost if you were to recruit and hire several people for these roles.

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She is knowledgeable, super helpful, timely and so patient with me. I feel confident knowing that she is handling my account. I am grateful to have found Aenten for my bookkeeping and tax needs. We can help with the initial setup of your company as well as provide the necessary help to take your business to the next level. Whether you are a seasoned business professional or new to the world of business our job is to help you to get from where you are to where you would like to be.

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Online Bookkeeping & Accounting Services For Kansas City, MO Businesses.

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11 4: Accounting for Research and Development Business LibreTexts

accounting for research and development

Before tracing the historical evolution of the accounting for research and development costs, the paper examines the importance of R&D and the importance of how R&D costs are accounted for in the next section of the paper. On the other hand, expensing R&D costs means recognizing them immediately in the income statement. This method can lead to significant fluctuations in earnings, especially for companies with substantial R&D activities. However, it provides a more conservative view of a company’s financial health by not inflating assets with costs that may not yield future benefits.

  • If development costs meet the rigid criteria specified in SSAP No. 13, they are defined as intangible assets for balance sheet purposes and are amortized as expense in revenue generation or written off immediately if found to be worthless.
  • Diagnostic challenges arise because women present with subtler or atypical symptoms that are often overlooked or misinterpreted, leading to treatment disparities.
  • Research and development (R&D) is the series of activities that companies undertake to innovate.
  • The part that is spent on research is recorded as an expense but the development cost is recorded as an asset.
  • This consistency not only aids in internal financial management but also enhances the comparability of financial statements over time, providing stakeholders with a reliable basis for evaluating the company’s performance.
  • If a company doesn’t capitalize research and development, its net income can be significantly higher or lower because of the timing of R&D spending.

Capitalizing vs Expensing Taxation

accounting for research and development

As will be examined in this section, there is great variation and problems with the accounting treatment around the globe. Debt-to-equity ratio is another financial metric influenced by R&D accounting practices. Capitalizing R&D costs increases the equity base, potentially lowering the debt-to-equity ratio and presenting a stronger balance sheet. This can be advantageous for companies seeking to raise capital or negotiate better terms with creditors.

Conclusion: How Are Research and Development Costs Accounted For

accounting for research and development

Grilich [1964] found the rate of return for investment in agricultural research to be between 35 and 170 percent. More specifically, Mansfield [May 1972] estimates the marginal rate of return on R&D in the petroleum industry to be over 40 percent, while in the chemical industry, Minasian [May 1969] estimates a 50 percent marginal rate of return on R&D. Capitalize costs when incurred if specified condi-tions are fulfilled and charge all other costs to expense” [SFAS No. 2, 1974]. Consequently, when research and development expenditures are expected to benefit fu-ture time periods, they should be capitalized and amor-tized over the periods benefited.

Accounting For Research and Development Expenses

We learned in this article that proper tracking of direct and indirect costs, as well as choosing the accounting method fit for your business are key steps in proper R&D costs accounting. With this, you can also start properly managing development and research costs, and streamlining r&d accounting your workflow. Outsourcing certain tasks such as market research or product testing can significantly reduce labor-intensive activities required by an R&D team while still providing quality results at a lower cost than hiring full-time employees for those roles would entail.

  • Download CFI’s Excel template to advance your finance knowledge and perform better financial analysis.
  • Treatment of capitalised development costs SSAP 13 requires that where development costs are recognised as an asset, they should be amortised over the periods expected to benefit from them.
  • The company is researching the unknown, and therefore, at this early stage, no future economic benefit can be expected to flow to the entity.
  • Meanwhile, R&D efforts can lead to improved productivity that helps increase margins, further creating an edge in outpacing competitors.
  • Thus, the latter problem was very similar to the R&D cost situation prior to SFAS No. 2, while the former problem is still unresolved with regard to R&D today.

Additionally, tracking R&D costs provides insight into the performance of individual teams or departments within an organization so that resources can be allocated accordingly. Companies undertake R&D in the expectation that it will generate significant income from new products and processes. However, the uncertainly of success means that under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), costs related to R&D are expensed in the same accounting period in which they are incurred. The Internal Revenue Service yielded to these forces but required that R&D costs be currently expensed in published fi-nancial statements when immediate write-off for tax purposes was to be allowed. This tax requirement was reversed in 1954, but the current expensing technique had already become insti-tutionalized into financial accounting. The FASB [1974] also states, “… a direct relationship be-tween R&D and specific future revenue generally has not been demonstrated.” However, as previously stated, many projects are successful and future revenue is directly related to them.

What Types of Activities Can Be Found in Research and Development?

Numerous studies [Minasian, May 1969] have been undertaken to show this relationship; they have had some success in linking R&D activity with future revenue amounts, even though the studies encountered data problems. Most of these studies use the number of patents or number of employees as statistical data, rather than the dollar value spent on R&D. Additional study of the outcomes of research, with actual R&D expenditure data, may prove enlightening to accounting rule makers. No specific treatment is authorized by present law for research and experimental expenditures.

In exchange for the funding, Investor B will receive royalties on future sales of product resulting from the compounds being developed. Investor B will not be repaid if the compounds are not successfully developed (i.e., the transfer of financial risk for the research and development is substantive). Investor B does not participate in any of the development or commercialization activities. Company A should record clinical trial expense for work performed by CROs in the period when services are performed, not necessarily when payments are made. An accrual should be recorded based on estimates of services received and efforts expended pursuant to agreements established with CROs and other outside service providers. These estimates are typically based on contracted amounts applied to the number of patients enrolled, the number of active clinical sites, the duration for which the patients will be enrolled in the study and the percentage of work completed to date.

accounting for research and development

Advantages and Disadvantages of R&D

Alcohol, Anxiety, and Depressive Disorders PMC

alcohol and anxiety

Several separate lines of evidence cast doubt on the possibility that high proportions of alcoholics have severe, long-term depressive or anxiety disorders. This article briefly reviews some of the recent literature on the complex interaction between alcohol dependence and the longer lasting anxiety or depressive disorders. The interactions between alcoholism and these disorders are evaluated by posing a series of questions, and the reader is encouraged to review the articles cited in the reference list. In keeping with the guidelines of Alcohol Health & Research World, review articles are emphasized. Readers interested in more detailed descriptions of the methods of particular studies, however, are referred to specific citations within those reviews. While medication isn’t a part of everyone’s journey, it can be incredibly helpful for some.

  • As time goes on, however, they might find they need two, three, or more glasses of alcohol to get the same feeling.
  • Try eating something protein-rich before you start drinking, in order to slow the absorption of alcohol into the blood – eggs are good for this as they contain the amino acid cysteine.
  • Plenty of people reach for a coffee the morning after drinking to try and shake the feeling of grogginess.
  • The study results showed that drinking alcohol boosts the CREB levels in the brain and therefore lessens anxiety, which helps to explain why so many anxious people us alcohol to self-medicate.
  • Depressed or anxious alcohol-dependent people often believe that they drink to relieve symptoms of sadness or nervousness.
  • For example, can individuals with AUD be distinguished meaningfully based on objective stress reactivity and regulation indicators, and do subjective anxiety symptoms mark or moderate this distinction?

Long-Term Risks of Alcohol Dependence

A rise in BAC levels leads to temporary feelings of excitement, but feelings of depression occur as BAC levels fall. As a result, it’s possible that having a few drinks that make your BAC rise and then fall back to normal again can make you more anxious than you were before. https://ecosoberhouse.com/article/alcohol-poisoning-signs-and-symptoms/ Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol can also have noticeable physical and mental consequences. Over time, consuming too much alcohol can lead to blackouts, loss of memory, and even brain damage (especially if it causes other health problems, such as liver damage).

Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Comorbid Anxiety and AUDs

Learning to manage anxiety (and naturally boost your CREB levels) in healthy ways such as through exercise, music, and expressing creativity is possible. In fact, research shows that psychotherapy is usually the most effective long-term treatment for anxiety disorders. In therapy, you’ll learn to relax, perceive and interpret situations in new, less frightening ways, and learn better coping and problem-solving skills. Through therapy, you learn the tools to overcome anxiety and how to use them effectively. Certain theories give rise to the expectation that alcoholics might have high rates of long-term, independent anxiety and depressive disorders (Wilson 1988).

Try changing your drink

alcohol and anxiety

As a then-closeted gay teenager growing up in regional Queensland, he developed anxiety and depression and went on to «self-medicate» with alcohol for years. «What we’re seeing is … if you help someone with their anxiety, they’re better able to make changes to their drinking, because they’re not so reliant on their alcohol use to manage their anxiety,» Dr Stapinski says. «What we wanted to do is wind back the clock in some ways and … get in when that relationship between anxiety and alcohol is first starting,» Dr Stapinski says. More young Australians are being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, but it’s not just because of COVID-19. Drinking alcohol can have serious consequences if you’re being treated for anxiety.

alcohol and anxiety

Second, the possibility that a longer term anxiety or depressive disorder exists in an alcoholic must always be considered. Perhaps 10 percent of men and 10 to 20 percent of women in the general population develop severe anxiety or depressive disorders (Regier et al. 1990); therefore, it would be logical to expect that at least this proportion of alcoholics also would have similar syndromes. Similar to the common-factor and self-medication hypotheses, the literature underpinning the substance-induced pathway to comorbid anxiety and AUDs is convincing but cannot account for the findings consistent with the other causal models.

  • Pounding headaches, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue are fairly classic symptoms in the aftermath of drinking alcohol.
  • While some people may be more likely to experience hangxiety than others, focusing on your physical health, practicing self-compassion, and having a go-to relaxation method can all help when hangxiety hits.
  • For example, in a sample of college students followed for 7 years, anxiety disorders increased fourfold among those diagnosed as alcohol dependent at either year 1 or year 4 of the study period (Kushner et al. 1999).
  • Although these studies raise important questions, researchers cannot draw definitive conclusions about the association between alcoholism and psychiatric disorders for a number of reasons.
  • According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), about 7 percent of Americans have this form of anxiety.
  • Since women are more susceptible to certain alcohol-related harms — in part due to having bodies that absorb alcohol well and take longer to process it — they are also increasingly facing the consequences of heavy drinking.

Anxiety and Alcohol: Does Drinking Worsen Symptoms?

Sometimes, people turn to alcohol or other substances to help them cope with symptoms of mental illness. In some cases, people with certain mental health conditions, such as anxiety or panic disorder, might develop an unhealthy relationship with alcohol. Some people with anxiety drink because they find it helps them feel less anxious. Other people who don’t have anxiety disorders find that they feel more anxious after they imbibe. If you’re prone toward anxiety, or if drinking makes you feel anxious, experts recommend finding other ways to cope with stress and your emotions, rather than reaching for alcohol. People cling to the term for whenever they feel nervous or shy about a new experience or social setting.

  • Dr. David Feifel, medical director at Kadima Neuropsychiatry Institute and professor emeritus of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, explains much of hangxiety is caused by the effects of alcohol on the brain.
  • Most clinicians and researchers would agree that alcoholics experience high rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms and that these problems must be addressed early in treatment (Brady and Lydiard 1993).
  • Having a substance use disorder can also increase the chance of having an anxiety disorder.
  • A night of drinking can bring up feelings of anxiety or jitteriness, even if you’re not diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.

Additionally, symptoms of anxiety will still be lurking around the corner as the underlying triggers have not been properly addressed and treated. Alcohol can also make anxiety worse because can drinking alcohol cause panic attacks it affects the levels of other mood-influencing chemicals like serotonin. Research notes that changes in chemical levels such as serotonin can cause anxiety disorders and depression.

alcohol and anxiety

Alcohol is not anxiety treatment

To shed light on the potential role of social anxiety in addiction treatment, Book and colleagues (2009) compared participants in an intensive outpatient program with high and low social anxiety on attitudes toward treatment activities. Members of the group with high social anxiety, who predominantly were female (71 percent), overall showed less treatment participation than did members of the comparison group. For example, they were less likely to speak up in group therapy, attend a 12-step meeting, or seek sponsorship within a 12-step group. A recent secondary analysis of alcoholics who were assigned to TSF in Project MATCH yielded findings consistent with and complementary to these observations, demonstrating that women with comorbid social phobia were 1.5 times more likely to relapse than noncomorbid women (Tonigan et al. 2010).

For people who use alcohol as an avoidance strategy, however, a relapse can be especially costly. Moreover, use of alcohol to avoid anxiety during an exposure exercise also can interfere with the corrective learning process required for extinction of the anxiety response. Indeed, research findings suggest that exposure-based methods can lead to worse alcohol outcomes for comorbid individuals and that alcohol use during exposure may hinder extinction (e.g., Randall et al. 2001). Therefore, as a matter of course clinicians carefully should appraise this risk when weighing the potential costs and benefits of this CBT component for people with comorbid anxiety and AUDs. To address this issue, treatment providers may try to enhance the clients’ preparedness by focusing on relapse prevention skills prior to engaging in exposure exercises, especially those activities requiring the direct confrontation of feared stimuli (e.g., during prolonged in vivo exposure therapy).